PFAS and Safety Concerns

Some PFAS, particularly PFOA and PFOS, have been classified as likely human carcinogens by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Studies have linked them to cancers, including kidney and testicular cancer. People exposed to high levels of these chemicals, such as workers in PFAS manufacturing plants or communities near contaminated water sources, have shown higher rates of these cancers.

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: PFAS exposure has been correlated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, conditions that can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby during pregnancy. These medical concerns are driving global efforts to regulate and reduce PFAS exposure, especially in drinking water and consumer products. More research is still needed to fully understand the long-term impacts of low-level exposure, but the existing evidence highlights significant risks to human health.

Liver Toxicity: Long-term exposure to PFAS has been linked to liver damage, including increased liver enzyme levels and the development of fatty liver disease. Studies also indicate a higher risk of kidney disease, with some evidence showing that PFAS can lead to chronic kidney damage.

Pregnancy and Child Development: PFAS can cross the placenta and have been associated with low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental delays in children. There is also concern about potential effects on brain development and cognitive function in children exposed to high level•Pregnancy and Child Development: PFAS can cross the placenta and have been associated with low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental delays in children. There is also concern about potential effects on brain development and cognitive function in children exposed to high levels of PFAS in utero or through breastfeedings of PFAS in utero or through breastfeeding.

Weakened Immune Response: PFAS exposure has been linked to immunotoxicity, meaning it can weaken the immune system. Research has shown that PFAS can reduce the effectiveness of vaccines, particularly in children, and decrease the body's ability to fight infections. Studies have noted reduced antibody responses to vaccines like tetanus and diphtheria in children with higher PFAS exposure

Cholesterol and Metabolic Effects: PFAS exposure has been associated with increased cholesterol levels, particularly LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol). Elevated cholesterol can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes. Some studies have also linked PFAS to obesity and type 2 diabetes, although more research is needed to fully understand these connections.

Endocrine Disruption: PFAS can interfere with hormone systems, particularly thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and are crucial for development. Studies have observed hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) in adults exposed to PFAS. Additionally, exposure has been linked to disruptions in sex hormone levels, which may affect fertility and reproductive health.